The cautious, conditional endorsements from Canada and the U.K. reflect the workings of a dated international system that governs the birth of states, writes Catherine Frost.
Official declarations of war are increasingly rare, but they do sustain a slender thread of communication between enemies, and reflect an effort to reduce the likelihood, duration and intensity of violence.
Scotland's renewed push for independence is not only similar to Québec's — there are also lessons for Scottish politicians in Canadian law on the concept of separation.